| WOOD FRAMING DRAWINGS
Framing plans show the size, number, and location of the structural
members constituting the building
framework. Separate framing plans may be drawn for the floors, walls,
and roof. The floor framing
plan must specify the sizes and spacing of joists, girders, and columns
used to support the floor. Detail
drawings are added, if necessary, to show the methods of anchoring joists
and girders to the columns
and foundation walls or footings.
Wall framing plans show the location and method of framing openings and
ceiling heights so that studs and posts can be cut. Roof framing plans
show the construction of the rafters used to span the building and support
the roof. Size, spacing, roof slope, and all necessary details are shown.
Working prints for TO buildings usually show details of all framing.
LIGHT WOOD FRAMING
Light framing is used in barracks, bathhouses,
administration buildings, light shops, hospitals, and
similar structures.
Detailed drawings of foundation walls, footings, posts,
and girder details normally used in standard TO
construction are shown in Figure 1-12.
The various details for overall framing of a 20-footwide
building (including ground level, window
openings, braces, splices, and nomenclature of
framing) are shown in Figure 1-13, page 1-14.
Figure 1-14, page 1-15, shows floor framing details
showing footings, posts, girders, joists, reinforced
sections of floor for heavy loads, section views covering
makeup of certain sections, scabs for joint girders to
posts, and post-bracing details as placed for cross
sections and longitudinal sections. On a construction
drawing, the type of footings and the size of the
various members are shown. In some cases the lengths
are given, while in others the BOM that accompanies
the print specifies the required lengths of the various
members.
Wall framing for end panels is shown in view A in
Figure 1-15, page 1-16. Wall framing plans are detail
drawings showing the locations of studs, plates, sills,
and bracing. They show one wall at a time. The height
for panels is usually shown. From this height, the
length of wall studs is determined by deducting the
thickness of the top or rafter plate and the bottom
plate. Studs placed next to window openings may be
placed either on edge or flat, depending upon the type
of windows used. Details for side panels (view B of
Figure 1-15, page 1-16) cover the same type of
information as listed for end panels.
Chapter 6 covers the details of wall framing. The
space between studs is given in the wall framing detail
drawing, as well as the height of the girt from the
bottom plate, and the types of door and window
openings, if any. For window openings, the details
specify whether the window is hinged to swing in or
out, or whether it is to be a sliding panel.
Examples of drawings showing the makeup of various
trussed rafters are given in Figure 1-16, page 1-18. A 40-
foot trussed rafter showing a partition bearing in the
center is shown in view A. The drawing shows the splices required, bracing
details, the stud and top
plate at one end of the rafter, and the size of the members.
A typical detail drawing of a 20-foot trussed rafter is shown in view
B of Figure 1-16. Filler blocks
are used to keep the brace members in a vertical plane, since the rafter
and bottom chord are
nailed together rather than spliced.. The drawing shows placement of the
rafter tie on the
opposite side from the vertical brace. Usually the splice plate for the
bottom chord (if one is
needed) is placed on the side where the rafters are to be nailed so that
it can serve also as a filler
block.
A modified trussed rafter, shown in view C of Figure 1-16, page 1-18,
is used only when specified
in plans for certain construction. It will not be used in areas subject
to high wind velocities or
moderate to heavy snowfall. In this type of trussed rafter, the bottom
chord is placed on the
rafters above the top plate.
The construction plans will specify the best type of trussed rafter
for the purpose. The drawings
must show, in detail, the construction features of the rafter selected.
Another type of truss is the W-truss, shown in Figure 1-17, page 1-19.
It may be used in either TO or
residential construction, time permitting.
HEAVY WOOD FRAMING
Heavy wood framing consists of framing members (timber construction)
at least 6 inches in dimension
(for example, 2 x 6 inches or 4 x 12 inches). Examples of this type of
framing can be found in heavy roof
trusses, timber-trestle bridges, and wharves.
The major differences between light and heavy framing are the size of
timber used and the types of
fasteners used. Fasteners for both light and heavy framing will be covered
in Chapter 2.
Note the similarities, as well as the differences, between the drawings
for light and heavy wood
framing. Figure 1-18, page 1-20, is a typical example of a drawing showing
framing details for light
and heavy roof trusses. Drawings for other types of heavy wood framing
will similarly illustrate the
kinds of material to be used and the way in which it is joined.
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